【英语语法】动名词的用法,珠海IBS编辑和大家分享什么是动名词和动名词的用法,请阅读下文. 当一个动词在句子中要充当某一名词成分(如主语、宾语等),有时需要把相应的动词名词化,就是动名词.我们可以把动名词看成一个名词.因此,名词在句子中能够充当的成分,动名词通常也能够充当.

英语语法】动名词的用法,珠海IBS编辑和大家分享什么是动名词和动名词的用法,请阅读下文。


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当一个动词在句子中要充当某一名词成分(如主语、宾语等),有时需要把相应的动词名词化,就是动名词。我们可以把动名词看成一个名词。因此,名词在句子中能够充当的成分,动名词通常也能够充当。


一、动名词的基本用法 


1.动名词作主语


例如:

Playing football is my favorite sport.

Seeing is believing.

Talking is easier than doing.

It is no use sending him over. It’s too late, (it在此处是形式主语,真正的主语是画线部分)

lt‘s no use doing what you like;you have got to like what you do.(同上)

There is no joking about such matters.(在 there be 句型中,主语是 be 后面的名词)

关于这些事情我们是不能开玩笑的。

There is no denying the fact that women are playing an important role in the world today.

不可否认的事实是女性在当今世界起到了重要的作用。

注: It is no use/good doing sth.和 There is no doing sth.,可被视为固定结构,后者的意 是 "We can’t do something"。


2.动名词作宾语

例如:

I didn’t stop working.

Would you mind passing me the salt,please?

She is used to getting up early.


3.动名词作表语

例如:

My hobby is collecting stamps.

My favorite sport is traveling.


4.动名词作定语

例如:

He is in the reading room(阅览室).

This is a swimming pool(游泳池)

A boy is sleeping in a sleeping car(卧车).

注:动名词作定语时常表示被修饰名词的用途


二、动名词和不定式的区别


1.在动词attempt,begin,start,intend等后面,可以用doing作宾语,也可以用to do作宾 语,含义相同。但如果后面接know,understand等表示“状态”的动词时,则常用to do。

例如:

正:l begin to understand the truth.

误:l begin understanding the truth.

2.在动词love,like,hate,prefer等后面,用doing时,表惯性的”、“一般性的”动作; 用to do时,多表示“一次性的”、“具体性的”动作。


例如:

I like going to the cinema.

【译文】我喜欢看电影。

I like to go with you.

【译文】我很愿意与你一1起去。

I hate getting up early.

【译文】我讨厌早起床。

I hate to say so,but I really can’t go.

【译文】我不愿意这么说,但我确实不能去。

3.在动词remember,forget,regret等后面,用doing时,往往表示过去的动作;用不定式 时,常表示将来的动作或过去未做的动作。

例如:

Remember to see him.

【译文】记得去看他!

I remember seeing him once in Beijing.

【译文】我记得曾经在北京见过他。

I forgot to post the letter.

【译文】我忘记邮这封信了。

He will never forget seeing Bill Clinton.

【译文】他永远不会忘记见到比尔*克林顿的情景。

4.在动词stop,try,want,mean,need等后面,用doing还是用to do,意义上有明显的区别。 

例如:

She stopped to talk with him.

【译文】她停下来和他讲话。

She stopped talking.

【译文】她不再讲话。

You must try writing letters in English.

【译文】你一定要试着用英语写信。

You must try to write this letter in English.

【译文】你一定要尽力用英语写这封信。

The boy wants to wash the car.

【译文】这个男孩儿想把车冲洗一下。

The boy wants washing.

【译文】这个男孩儿需要洗澡了。(男孩儿“被洗”)

She doesn’t need to come.

【译文】她不必来。

The bike needs repairing( = needs to be repaired).

【译文】这辆自行车需要修理。(“被修理”)

Your plan would mean spending hours.

【译文】你的计划意味着要花数小时的时间。(“意味着”)

I didn’t mean to make you angry.

【译文】我不想让你生气。(“打算”)

5.动词 permit,allow,advise 等词可以有v.+one's doing 和v.+sb.to do两种搭配,意思完全一样。

例如:

We advise you to go to college.

【译文】我们建议你上大学。

We advise your going to college.

【译文】我们劝你上大学。


三、动名词的所有格(重点)


动名词的所有格,即one’s doing结构的用法。

例如:

Mary’s going there won’t be of any help.(作主语)

【译文】玛丽去那无济于事。

Her refusing to accept the invitation upset me.(作主语)

【译文】她拒绝接受邀请,这让我很难受。

Do you mind his/him smoking here?(作动词宾语)

【译文】你介意他在此抽烟吗?

We don’t like the doctor’s saying that.(作动词宾语)

【译文】我们不喜欢医生这样讲。

We insist on Mary’s staying longer.(作介词宾语)

【译文】我们坚持让玛丽多待一些时间。

She will be astonished at your coming home in such a manner.(作介词宾语)

【译文】你这样回家,她会吃惊的。

注:在非正式语体中,我们常口丨用人称代词宾格(如me,him,you,us,them等)或名词的普 通格(即名词本身,如Mary,Tom,my father等)和doing —起用作宾语。

例如:

We insist on Mary staying longer. 

We don't like them saying that.



【英语语法】现在分词的用法

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