【英语语法】分裂结构讲解

【英语语法】分裂结构讲解，珠海IBS编辑和大家分享分裂结构讲解和不同情况下分裂结构讲解，请阅读下文。

1.While warnings are often appropriate and necessary—the dangers of drug interactions，for example and many are required by state or federal regulations，it isn’t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.

【参考译文】尽管警示通常是正确和必要的（例如药品副作用的危险性），并且许多警示亦是按照州或联邦的法律制定的，然而一旦顾客受伤，这些警示实际上能否让生产销售商免责却并不明确。

【结构分析】 While warnings are often appropriate and necessary ——(the dangers of drug interactions，for example ) — and many are required by state or federal regulations，// it isn’t clear (that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured).此句中，第一段是while(尽管）引导的让步状语从句，此从句是一个由 and连接的两个分句组成的并列句，被双破折号中间的举例插入语隔开，这是本句的学习重点；第二段是句子的主干，即it Lsn’t clear that...才是主句，此部分中：it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的名词从句（即主语从句）；此主语从句中：主语是they，谓语是protect，宾语是the manufacturers and sellers，from liability是宾语补足语，最后面画线成分是if引导的条件状语从句，修饰此从句的谓语动词protect，表示其发生的条件。

【知识链接】warning警示，警告；appropriate适当的；drug药物interaction相互作用; state 州；federal 联邦的；regulation 法律，法规;protect sb. from sth.保护某人免受; manufacturer 生产厂家；seller 销售商；liability 责任；customer 顾客；injure 伤害。

2.Granted，a snobbery of camping itself，based upon equipment and techniques， already exists； but it is of a kind that，if he meets it， he can readily understand and deal with.

【参考译文】诚然，基于装备和技术的不同，野营的势利行为业已存在;但它却是一种一旦遇到，野营者即能理解并从容应对的行为。

【结构分析】 Granted，a snobbery (of camping itself)， (based upon equipment and techniques)，already exists; //but it is of a kind (that，if he meets it， he can readily understand and deal with).此句的整体结构是 Granted，...；but...“诚然，......；但是......；在第一段中，主语是a snobbery, (of camping itself)是其后置定语，谓语动词是already exists,双逗号中间的based upon...是过去分词短语作非限制性定语，相当于非限制性定语从句的省 略（which is) based upon...，对前面的主语snobbery进行补充说明，重点注意主语a snobbery和谓语already exists的分裂;第二段中，主语是it，谓语是系动词is，表语是介词短 语of a kind，后面括号中是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词kind;此定语从句是一个复合 句，if he meets it是条件状语从句，表7K后面主干内容（he can readily understand and deal with)发生的条件，if从句前后各有一逗号，使得此定语从句的结构很清晰，让读者一目了然。

【知识链接】granted诚然；snobbery势利行为；camping野营，露营；be based upon建 立在......的基础上；equipment装备；technique技术；deal with应付，处理。

3. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life.

【参考译文】一切的目的就是试图向闲惑并且通常愚昧的人们解释清楚，对于宇宙和生 命的起源进化而言是不存在两种等效的科学理论的。

【结构分析】 The goal (of all) will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories (for the origin and evolution of universe and life).此句的主干是：The goal. . . will be to try to explain sth. to .sb.，因此句里的宾语 sth.较长，被改写为：The goal...will be to try to explain to sb. sth.，重点要关注动词explain和宾语sth.的分裂;具体而言:The goal是主语，of all是其后置定语，谓 语动词是will be，不定式短语to try to...是表语，that引导名词从句作explain的宾语（即宾语从句）；画线黑体部分to a . . . citizenry是范围状语，它分隔开了动词explain和宾语that从句；句末括号中是介词for短语作前面名词theories的后置定语。

【知识链接】 goal目标，目的；confused迷惑不解的；unenlightened愚昧的，无知的； citizenry公民；equally等同地，一样地；valid有效的；origin起源，出处;evolution进化； universe 宇宙。

4. I am sure that，without modern weapons，I would make a very poor show of disputing the ownership of a cave with a bear, and in this I do not think that I stand alone

【参考译文】我确信，在与一头熊争夺一个山洞所有权时，如果没有现代武器，我将会洋相尽出；而在这一方面，我相信，并非我一人如此。

【结构分析】I am sure that, (without modern weapons ) ， I would make a very poor show (of disputing the ownership of a cave with a bear)，//and in this I do not think that I stand alone.此句的整体结构是由and连接两个分句组成的一个并列句。第一段分句中，主语 是I，谓语是系动词am，表语是sure，后面是that引导的名词从句，作be sure的宾语（即宾语 从句）；在that宾语从句中，括号黑体部分是介词短语作that从句中的条件状语，因置于that 从句首部，分隔了连词that和从句的主干，故前后用逗号隔幵，以让读者一目了然；后面从句 主干中，主语是I，谓语是would make，宾语是a very poor show，紧随其后括号中的介词of短 语是后置定语修饰前面的show;第二段分句中，主语是I，谓语是do not think，宾语是that引 导的名词从句（即宾语从句），in this则是范围状语修饰谓语动词think，表示其发生的范围。

【知识链接】 be sure that...确信；weapon 武器；make a very poor show of 在......方面表现拙劣；dispute vi.争论，争夺；ownership所有权；stand alone子身一人。