【英语语法】什么是独立主格结构,珠海IBS英语学校编辑和大家分享什么是独立主格结构,请阅读下文.

英语语法】什么是独立主格结构,珠海IBS英语学校编辑和大家分享什么是独立主格结构,请阅读下文。


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什么是独立主格结构?


独立主格结构是一个名词或代词(作为逻辑主语),加上一个形容词、副词、介 词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。


1.独立主格结构的特点


(1)主格结构必须有两个分句,一般用逗号与主句分开,但与主句之间不能使 用任何连接词。


(2)后两分句的主语一致时,独立主格部分省去主语。


(3)后两分句的主语不一致时,那么两个主语都要保留。如:

He came in the room,his clog followed him.


(4)主格部分的动作如果是主动的,那么就要用动名词,如果是被动的用过去 分詞。如:


He coming in the room,his clog followed him.

He came in the room,followed by his dog.

他进屋时,他的狗紧随其后。


(5)时间差的独立主格结构中,主动形式只能用having+过去分词,被动形式只能用having been +过去分词。如:


Having watered the vegetables,the farmer took a short rest.

给蔬菜浇完水,这位农民休息了一会。


Having been given such a good chance,how could she give it up?

既然得到这样一个好机会,她怎么可能放弃呢?


(6)主格结构的否定形式,not—定要放在having之前。如:

(Not) Having dressed myself,I went to the office.

我(没)穿好衣服就去了办公室。


(7)时间差的独立主格结构中,having前面绝对不能出现before或after,它们 不能同时出现。

比较:

Having dressed myself, I went to the office.

Before/ After having dressed myself,I went to the office.

我穿好衣服前(后)就去了办公室。

Before/ After dressing myself  I went to the office. = Having been dressed,I went to the office.


2.独立主格结构的用法它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况 等,相当于一个状语从句或并列句。


(1)作时间状语

The work done ( = After the work had been done),we went home.

工作完成后,我们才回家。


(2)作条件状语

Weather permitting ( = If weather permits) they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.

如果天气允许的话,他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。


Given her age,she really did a good job in such a short time.

考虑到她的年龄,在如此短的时间内她确实做得不错。


(3)作原因状语

An important lecture to be given tomorrow ( = As an important lecture will be given tomorrow),the professor has to stay up late into the night.

因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲,教授不得不熬夜到很晚。 


(4)作伴随状语

He was lying on the grass,his hands crossed under his head( = and his hands were crossed under his head).

他躺在草地上,两手交叉枕在脑后。


(5)表补充说明

A hunter came in,his face red with cold ( = and his face was red with cold).

一个猎人走了进来,他的脸冻得通红。


【注】独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时,相当于一个状语从句,一般放在句首,表示原因时还可放在句末;表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个并列句, 通常放于句末。

上文是关于什么是独立主格结构和独立主格结构特点的例句说明!



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