写作技巧

写作技巧

一周七天英语记忆技巧?

MaLuKaKa 回复了问题 • 4 人关注 • 3 个回复 • 1612 次浏览 • 2022-03-29 17:03 • 来自相关话题

大学英语考试写作技巧有哪些?

若葉柳心 发表了文章 • 0 个评论 • 2847 次浏览 • 2018-09-03 15:17 • 来自相关话题

大学英语考试写作技巧有哪些?
 
​一、记叙文的定义

记叙文也称叙述文,是一种以叙述的手法来呈现人物活动及事件过程的体裁。

故事、游记、通讯、新闻报道(消息)、历史、 人物传记、日记和回忆录等都属于记叙文的范畴。

记叙文大致可以分为以记人为主的记叙文和以叙事为主的记叙文。

前者主要是对人物的经历、活动或者性格特征进行叙述;后者则是对某一事件的发生、发展过程和结果进行叙述。

二、记叙文的六大要素 

记叙文的写作涉及到六大要素,即五个W和一个H:时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)和结果(how);也可以将这六大要素概括为时间(time)、地点(place)、 人物( character)、事件的原因(cause)、经过(process)和结果( effect)。

三、记叙文的行文方式 

一般来讲,记叙文应具有包括开头,主体和结尾在内的完整结构, 尤其是必须有情节发展的过程。 作者应该像电影导演一样尽可能安排起伏和精彩的内容,在矛盾的产生和解决过程中凸现出诱发、发展到高潮的完整过程。

此外,在叙述过程中为完整展现前面述及的六要素,还需要插入生动活泼的人物场景描写和清晰细致的动作表情刻画。

四、记叙文的写作要领

基于英语的语法和词汇特点,写作英语记叙文时应掌握以下要领:

1.时态   由于记叙文是描述过去的语境,记叙发生过的事件,所以比较多使用包括一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时在内的过去时态。

但是,在很多情况下由于客观描述的需要,事件或人物描述的背景从过去转到现在,现在时的使用不可避免。

还有的时候,为了衬托人物的个性,直观地表现人物的思想感情,需要运用对话的方式。

而人物对话需要用直接引语,时态的选择又需要依托现在语境。

这样,事件的时间线索就显得尤为重要,要求写作者有较强的“时间领悟能力”,驾驭写作过程中的时态转换。

例如:   Wang Nan, a world champion in ping-pong, is 1.

62 meter tall with the weight of 54 kilograms.

She was born in Liaoning Province in October 1978.

She began to play ping-pong at the age of seven.

She played in Liaoning Team for three years before she came to the national team in 1993.   She trained hard and got along well with her teammates.

Wang Nan has won scores of gold medals in international table-tennis games and won great honor for our motherland.

She likes surfing the internet, and enjoys chatting with friends online.

在这篇短文中,句是客观描述,介绍王楠的基本情况,用一般现在时。

第二、三句介绍她的成长经历,用的是过去时。

最后两句叙说她所取得的成就,又转换到现在语境,用现在完成时。

2.人称   人称的运用也是记叙文的一个特点。

人称(First-person Narrator)是写作者以当事人的口气来叙述,是一种主观表现手法,给读者一种亲切自然的感觉。

由于作者是以叙述亲身经历的方式表达自己的思想情感,更能引起读者共鸣。

例如:   
The other day, I was driving along the street.   
Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast.   
I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side.   
But it was too late.   
The car hit my bike and I fell off it.   
It was really a bad day for me.

第三人称(Third-person Narrator)是写作者从旁观者的角度来叙述事件,是客观的表现手法,能够充分反映事件中各个人的感受与见解,从整体的视角来叙述事件。

例如:   
It was about nine o’clock on one Saturday evening in May.   
Sam was lying in bed, trembling with cold and having a cough.   
His head was aching so intensely that he kept groaning.   
His forehead felt very hot.   
We took his temperature.   
It was 38.   5℃。 

3.动词使用的连贯性   为了刻画人物个性,表现真情实感,记叙文经常需要使用动词来突出过程与变化。

在许多动作交替出现的情况下,一定要注意动词使用的连贯性,使文字表达简洁明了,一气呵成。 下面一段接着上文记叙了萨姆生病后作者送他去医院的过程,动词使用得相当连贯。

Without hesitation, I dialed “120”.   It was not long before an ambulance arrived.   One roommate brought a blanket for him, and another helped him in the ambulance.

范文与评析   范文 1

My Best Friend

Upon reading the expression “best friend”, a figure Jumps into my mind-Zhang Ye, my schoolmate in senior high school.   
 
During the three years in high school, we shared countless moments of laughter and tears, joy and sorrow.   
 
She is of medium height and slim figure.   
 
Though not strong, she is really a girl with amazing perseverance.   
 
Despite the similarities in our outlook on life and living, it is always she, the physically weaker one, who encouraged and urged me to finish some tasks when I was about to give up.   
 
When we were preparing for the National Entrance Exam, she cheered me up emotionally and gave me a hand whenever I was in trouble.   
 
After the exam, she got enrolled by Tsinghua University in Beijing while I came to a college in the South of China.   
 
For the past several years, we have been in touch to share everything we have been experiencing, sad or happy, dull or exciting.   
 
Without a doubt, Zhang Ye is really a true friend of mine.   
 
The relationship between us can melt the ice in our hearts and blow away the mist on our minds.   I believe the friendship between us will be the life-time beacon for both of us.   
 
评析:这是一篇典型的人物记叙文。

段总括了两人关系。

第二段通过对具体事例的叙述将人物的性格特点表现得淋漓尽致,也丰富了best friend这个称谓的具体内涵。

最后一段作者陈述了自己对友谊真谛的感悟,使文章的主题得到升华。

而其中所使用的句式和词汇(melt the ice in one’s heart; blow away the mist on one’s mind)也展示了作者的语言功底。

范文2 An Unforgettable Experience   Wisdom Counts

There was an unforgettable happening when I was in senior high school.   
 
It made me understand that wisdom counts.   
 
On one weekend, I went home from school by bus.   
 
It was bitterly crowded there.   
 
Unintentionally, I noticed a hand tying to fetch the wallet from a woman’s bag which had an unfastened zipper.   
 
I didn’t dare to tell the woman the truth, because I was scared of being revenged.   
 
“What should I do?” I asked myself and searched the answer quickly through my mind.   
 
Suddenly, I hit on a good idea.   
 
I screamed to myself, “My wallet was lost! Someone stole my wallet!” As I said so, I pretended to be looking for my wallet.   
 
Almost all the people on the bus began to give great care to their pockets or bags.   
 
Being in panic, the pickpocket eventually failed to reach the woman’s bag.   
 
He had to get down at the next stop with an angry look.   
 
Many years later, I still cannot help smiling when I recall this experience. ​​​ 查看全部
大学英语考试写作技巧有哪些?
 
​一、记叙文的定义

记叙文也称叙述文,是一种以叙述的手法来呈现人物活动及事件过程的体裁。

故事、游记、通讯、新闻报道(消息)、历史、 人物传记、日记和回忆录等都属于记叙文的范畴。

记叙文大致可以分为以记人为主的记叙文和以叙事为主的记叙文。

前者主要是对人物的经历、活动或者性格特征进行叙述;后者则是对某一事件的发生、发展过程和结果进行叙述。

二、记叙文的六大要素 

记叙文的写作涉及到六大要素,即五个W和一个H:时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)和结果(how);也可以将这六大要素概括为时间(time)、地点(place)、 人物( character)、事件的原因(cause)、经过(process)和结果( effect)。

三、记叙文的行文方式 

一般来讲,记叙文应具有包括开头,主体和结尾在内的完整结构, 尤其是必须有情节发展的过程。 作者应该像电影导演一样尽可能安排起伏和精彩的内容,在矛盾的产生和解决过程中凸现出诱发、发展到高潮的完整过程。

此外,在叙述过程中为完整展现前面述及的六要素,还需要插入生动活泼的人物场景描写和清晰细致的动作表情刻画。

四、记叙文的写作要领

基于英语的语法和词汇特点,写作英语记叙文时应掌握以下要领:

1.时态   由于记叙文是描述过去的语境,记叙发生过的事件,所以比较多使用包括一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时在内的过去时态。

但是,在很多情况下由于客观描述的需要,事件或人物描述的背景从过去转到现在,现在时的使用不可避免。

还有的时候,为了衬托人物的个性,直观地表现人物的思想感情,需要运用对话的方式。

而人物对话需要用直接引语,时态的选择又需要依托现在语境。

这样,事件的时间线索就显得尤为重要,要求写作者有较强的“时间领悟能力”,驾驭写作过程中的时态转换。

例如:   Wang Nan, a world champion in ping-pong, is 1.

62 meter tall with the weight of 54 kilograms.

She was born in Liaoning Province in October 1978.

She began to play ping-pong at the age of seven.

She played in Liaoning Team for three years before she came to the national team in 1993.   She trained hard and got along well with her teammates.

Wang Nan has won scores of gold medals in international table-tennis games and won great honor for our motherland.

She likes surfing the internet, and enjoys chatting with friends online.

在这篇短文中,句是客观描述,介绍王楠的基本情况,用一般现在时。

第二、三句介绍她的成长经历,用的是过去时。

最后两句叙说她所取得的成就,又转换到现在语境,用现在完成时。

2.人称   人称的运用也是记叙文的一个特点。

人称(First-person Narrator)是写作者以当事人的口气来叙述,是一种主观表现手法,给读者一种亲切自然的感觉。

由于作者是以叙述亲身经历的方式表达自己的思想情感,更能引起读者共鸣。

例如:   
The other day, I was driving along the street.   
Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast.   
I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side.   
But it was too late.   
The car hit my bike and I fell off it.   
It was really a bad day for me.

第三人称(Third-person Narrator)是写作者从旁观者的角度来叙述事件,是客观的表现手法,能够充分反映事件中各个人的感受与见解,从整体的视角来叙述事件。

例如:   
It was about nine o’clock on one Saturday evening in May.   
Sam was lying in bed, trembling with cold and having a cough.   
His head was aching so intensely that he kept groaning.   
His forehead felt very hot.   
We took his temperature.   
It was 38.   5℃。 

3.动词使用的连贯性   为了刻画人物个性,表现真情实感,记叙文经常需要使用动词来突出过程与变化。

在许多动作交替出现的情况下,一定要注意动词使用的连贯性,使文字表达简洁明了,一气呵成。 下面一段接着上文记叙了萨姆生病后作者送他去医院的过程,动词使用得相当连贯。

Without hesitation, I dialed “120”.   It was not long before an ambulance arrived.   One roommate brought a blanket for him, and another helped him in the ambulance.

范文与评析   范文 1

My Best Friend

Upon reading the expression “best friend”, a figure Jumps into my mind-Zhang Ye, my schoolmate in senior high school.   
 
During the three years in high school, we shared countless moments of laughter and tears, joy and sorrow.   
 
She is of medium height and slim figure.   
 
Though not strong, she is really a girl with amazing perseverance.   
 
Despite the similarities in our outlook on life and living, it is always she, the physically weaker one, who encouraged and urged me to finish some tasks when I was about to give up.   
 
When we were preparing for the National Entrance Exam, she cheered me up emotionally and gave me a hand whenever I was in trouble.   
 
After the exam, she got enrolled by Tsinghua University in Beijing while I came to a college in the South of China.   
 
For the past several years, we have been in touch to share everything we have been experiencing, sad or happy, dull or exciting.   
 
Without a doubt, Zhang Ye is really a true friend of mine.   
 
The relationship between us can melt the ice in our hearts and blow away the mist on our minds.   I believe the friendship between us will be the life-time beacon for both of us.   
 
评析:这是一篇典型的人物记叙文。

段总括了两人关系。

第二段通过对具体事例的叙述将人物的性格特点表现得淋漓尽致,也丰富了best friend这个称谓的具体内涵。

最后一段作者陈述了自己对友谊真谛的感悟,使文章的主题得到升华。

而其中所使用的句式和词汇(melt the ice in one’s heart; blow away the mist on one’s mind)也展示了作者的语言功底。

范文2 An Unforgettable Experience   Wisdom Counts

There was an unforgettable happening when I was in senior high school.   
 
It made me understand that wisdom counts.   
 
On one weekend, I went home from school by bus.   
 
It was bitterly crowded there.   
 
Unintentionally, I noticed a hand tying to fetch the wallet from a woman’s bag which had an unfastened zipper.   
 
I didn’t dare to tell the woman the truth, because I was scared of being revenged.   
 
“What should I do?” I asked myself and searched the answer quickly through my mind.   
 
Suddenly, I hit on a good idea.   
 
I screamed to myself, “My wallet was lost! Someone stole my wallet!” As I said so, I pretended to be looking for my wallet.   
 
Almost all the people on the bus began to give great care to their pockets or bags.   
 
Being in panic, the pickpocket eventually failed to reach the woman’s bag.   
 
He had to get down at the next stop with an angry look.   
 
Many years later, I still cannot help smiling when I recall this experience. ​​​

商务英语函电的写作技巧

拉粑粑的小魔仙 发表了文章 • 0 个评论 • 3876 次浏览 • 2015-06-24 09:25 • 来自相关话题

 商务英语函电的写作技巧
 
英语函电信函的信头也称信端,其内容包括发件公司的名称、标志、通信地址、电话号码、传真号、电子邮箱等。书写信头的目的是为了方便收件人了解信函来自何处,并为回复提供联系方式。

很多公司都会印制带信头的信纸。一般来说,人们喜欢将简单的信头放在信纸上端居中,将复杂的信头放在信纸的右侧或上下两端。在使用这种信纸打印信函时,一定要注意为信头留出足够的空间。

对于私人商务信函,如求职信等,信头通常写在信纸的右上方。
 
商务英语函电中主题不能忽略

书写商务英语函电的Subject能便于收件人迅速了解信的主要内容。一般来说如果信内有Reference Number,就不一定再写Subject。

Subject位于Salutation下空一行。一般有三种书写形式:直接书写、Subject:和Re:。为了突出还可以加底线、加粗、全大写等,例如:

INVOICE 12345

Re:Invoice 12345

Subject:Invoice 12345

写出恰当的结尾敬辞

几乎所有的商务英语函电都会用到结尾敬辞。它写在正文下面,第一个字母要大写,最后一个词的后面有逗号。
 
至于要选用怎样的字句,通常由作者自行决定,一般来说结尾敬辞和开头的称呼有较强的关联关系,例如:

1.如果不知到收件人的姓名,开头的称呼是Dear Sirs,(英式)或Gentelmen:(美式),则结尾敬辞采用Yours faithfully,(英式)或Yours truly,(美式);

2.如果知到收件人的姓名,开头的称呼是Dear Mr.Brown,则结尾敬辞采用Yours sincerely,(英式)或Sincerely,(美式)。

当然,结尾敬辞还有很多形式,下面是商务英语函电常用结尾敬辞一览表:

1.最正式(表示敬意)

Respectfully,

Respectfully yours,

Very respectfully yours,

2.正式

Yours truly,

Very truly yours,

Yours faithfully,

3.个人的,最普通的方式

Yours sincerely,

Sincerely yours,

Very sincerely yours,

Sincerely,

4.简略式(表示亲密)

Cordially,

Cordially yours,

Best regards,

Warmest regards,


 
商务英语函电的写作技巧,日常要处理许多信件电邮,因而运用 英语 上不得不留神,以下有一些个人意见,也参考了一些书本,希望大家有所得益。
 
1.切忌主客不分或模糊.
2.句子不要凌碎.
3.结构对称,令人容易理解. 
4.单众数不要搞乱,不然会好刺眼,看不舒服. 
5.动词主词要呼应.
6.时态和语气不要转变太多.看商务 英语 已经是苦事,不要浪费人家的精力啊。
7.标点要准确.
8.选词正确. 好像affect和effect, operative和operational等等就要弄清楚才好用啦。
9.拼字正确. 有电脑拼字检查功能后,就更加不能偷懒。
10.大小写要注意.非必要不要整个字都是大写,除非要骂人,:,例如: MUST change to OS immediately. 外国人就觉得不礼貌和喝令人一样. 要强调的话,用底线,斜字,粗体就可以了。


 
20个商务英语函电的句型:
 
1.Please accept our thanks for the trouble you have taken。

有劳贵方,不胜感激。

2.We are obliged to thank you for your kind attention in this matter。

不胜感激贵方对此事的关照。

3.We tender you our sincere thanks for your generous treatment of us in this affair。

对贵方在此事中的慷慨之举,深表感谢。

4.Allow us to thank you for the kindness extended to us。

对贵方之盛情,不胜感谢。

5.We thank you for the special care you have given to the matter。

贵方对此悉心关照,不胜感激。

6.We should be grateful for your trial order。

如承试订货,不胜感激。

7.We should be grateful for your furnishing us details of your requirements。

如承赐示具体要求,不胜感激。

8.It will be greatly appreciated if you will kindly send us your samples。

如承惠寄样品,则不胜感激。

9.We shall appreciate it very much if you will give our bid your favorable consideration。

如承优惠考虑报价,不胜感激。

10.We are greatly obliged for your bulk order just received。

收到贵方大宗订货,不胜感激。

11.We assure you of our best services at all times。

我方保证向贵方随时提供最佳服务。

12.If there is anything we can do to help you, we shall be more than pleased to do so。

贵公司若有所需求,我公司定尽力效劳。

13.It would give us a great pleasure to render you a similar service should an opportunity occur。

我方如有机会同样效劳贵方,将不胜欣慰。

14.We spare no efforts in endeavoring to be of service to you。

我方将不遗余力为贵方效劳。

15.We shall be very glad to handle for you at very low commission charges。

我方将很愉快与贵方合作,收费低廉。

16.We have always been able to supply these firms with their monthly requirements without interruption。

我方始终能供应这些公司每月所需的数量,从无间断。

17.We take this opportunity to re-emphasize that we shall, at all times, do everything possible to give you whatever information you desire。

我们借此机会再此强调,定会尽力随时提供贵方所需的信息。

18.We are always in a position to quote you the most advantageous prices for higher quality merchandise。

我们始终能向贵方提供品质最佳的产品,报价最为优惠。

19.This places our dealers in a highly competitive position and also enable them to enjoy a maximum profit.

这样可以使我方经营者具有很强的竞争力,还可获得最大的利润。

20.We solicit a continuance of your confidence and support.

恳请贵方继续给予信任,大力支持。 查看全部


 商务英语函电的写作技巧
 
英语函电信函的信头也称信端,其内容包括发件公司的名称、标志、通信地址、电话号码、传真号、电子邮箱等。书写信头的目的是为了方便收件人了解信函来自何处,并为回复提供联系方式。

很多公司都会印制带信头的信纸。一般来说,人们喜欢将简单的信头放在信纸上端居中,将复杂的信头放在信纸的右侧或上下两端。在使用这种信纸打印信函时,一定要注意为信头留出足够的空间。

对于私人商务信函,如求职信等,信头通常写在信纸的右上方。
 
商务英语函电中主题不能忽略

书写商务英语函电的Subject能便于收件人迅速了解信的主要内容。一般来说如果信内有Reference Number,就不一定再写Subject。

Subject位于Salutation下空一行。一般有三种书写形式:直接书写、Subject:和Re:。为了突出还可以加底线、加粗、全大写等,例如:

INVOICE 12345

Re:Invoice 12345

Subject:Invoice 12345

写出恰当的结尾敬辞

几乎所有的商务英语函电都会用到结尾敬辞。它写在正文下面,第一个字母要大写,最后一个词的后面有逗号。
 
至于要选用怎样的字句,通常由作者自行决定,一般来说结尾敬辞和开头的称呼有较强的关联关系,例如:

1.如果不知到收件人的姓名,开头的称呼是Dear Sirs,(英式)或Gentelmen:(美式),则结尾敬辞采用Yours faithfully,(英式)或Yours truly,(美式);

2.如果知到收件人的姓名,开头的称呼是Dear Mr.Brown,则结尾敬辞采用Yours sincerely,(英式)或Sincerely,(美式)。

当然,结尾敬辞还有很多形式,下面是商务英语函电常用结尾敬辞一览表:

1.最正式(表示敬意)

Respectfully,

Respectfully yours,

Very respectfully yours,

2.正式

Yours truly,

Very truly yours,

Yours faithfully,

3.个人的,最普通的方式

Yours sincerely,

Sincerely yours,

Very sincerely yours,

Sincerely,

4.简略式(表示亲密)

Cordially,

Cordially yours,

Best regards,

Warmest regards,


 
商务英语函电的写作技巧,日常要处理许多信件电邮,因而运用 英语 上不得不留神,以下有一些个人意见,也参考了一些书本,希望大家有所得益。
 
1.切忌主客不分或模糊.
2.句子不要凌碎.
3.结构对称,令人容易理解. 
4.单众数不要搞乱,不然会好刺眼,看不舒服. 
5.动词主词要呼应.
6.时态和语气不要转变太多.看商务 英语 已经是苦事,不要浪费人家的精力啊。
7.标点要准确.
8.选词正确. 好像affect和effect, operative和operational等等就要弄清楚才好用啦。
9.拼字正确. 有电脑拼字检查功能后,就更加不能偷懒。
10.大小写要注意.非必要不要整个字都是大写,除非要骂人,:,例如: MUST change to OS immediately. 外国人就觉得不礼貌和喝令人一样. 要强调的话,用底线,斜字,粗体就可以了。


 
20个商务英语函电的句型:
 
1.Please accept our thanks for the trouble you have taken。

有劳贵方,不胜感激。

2.We are obliged to thank you for your kind attention in this matter。

不胜感激贵方对此事的关照。

3.We tender you our sincere thanks for your generous treatment of us in this affair。

对贵方在此事中的慷慨之举,深表感谢。

4.Allow us to thank you for the kindness extended to us。

对贵方之盛情,不胜感谢。

5.We thank you for the special care you have given to the matter。

贵方对此悉心关照,不胜感激。

6.We should be grateful for your trial order。

如承试订货,不胜感激。

7.We should be grateful for your furnishing us details of your requirements。

如承赐示具体要求,不胜感激。

8.It will be greatly appreciated if you will kindly send us your samples。

如承惠寄样品,则不胜感激。

9.We shall appreciate it very much if you will give our bid your favorable consideration。

如承优惠考虑报价,不胜感激。

10.We are greatly obliged for your bulk order just received。

收到贵方大宗订货,不胜感激。

11.We assure you of our best services at all times。

我方保证向贵方随时提供最佳服务。

12.If there is anything we can do to help you, we shall be more than pleased to do so。

贵公司若有所需求,我公司定尽力效劳。

13.It would give us a great pleasure to render you a similar service should an opportunity occur。

我方如有机会同样效劳贵方,将不胜欣慰。

14.We spare no efforts in endeavoring to be of service to you。

我方将不遗余力为贵方效劳。

15.We shall be very glad to handle for you at very low commission charges。

我方将很愉快与贵方合作,收费低廉。

16.We have always been able to supply these firms with their monthly requirements without interruption。

我方始终能供应这些公司每月所需的数量,从无间断。

17.We take this opportunity to re-emphasize that we shall, at all times, do everything possible to give you whatever information you desire。

我们借此机会再此强调,定会尽力随时提供贵方所需的信息。

18.We are always in a position to quote you the most advantageous prices for higher quality merchandise。

我们始终能向贵方提供品质最佳的产品,报价最为优惠。

19.This places our dealers in a highly competitive position and also enable them to enjoy a maximum profit.

这样可以使我方经营者具有很强的竞争力,还可获得最大的利润。

20.We solicit a continuance of your confidence and support.

恳请贵方继续给予信任,大力支持。

一周七天英语记忆技巧?

回复

MaLuKaKa 回复了问题 • 4 人关注 • 3 个回复 • 1612 次浏览 • 2022-03-29 17:03 • 来自相关话题

大学英语考试写作技巧有哪些?

若葉柳心 发表了文章 • 0 个评论 • 2847 次浏览 • 2018-09-03 15:17 • 来自相关话题

大学英语考试写作技巧有哪些?
 
​一、记叙文的定义

记叙文也称叙述文,是一种以叙述的手法来呈现人物活动及事件过程的体裁。

故事、游记、通讯、新闻报道(消息)、历史、 人物传记、日记和回忆录等都属于记叙文的范畴。

记叙文大致可以分为以记人为主的记叙文和以叙事为主的记叙文。

前者主要是对人物的经历、活动或者性格特征进行叙述;后者则是对某一事件的发生、发展过程和结果进行叙述。

二、记叙文的六大要素 

记叙文的写作涉及到六大要素,即五个W和一个H:时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)和结果(how);也可以将这六大要素概括为时间(time)、地点(place)、 人物( character)、事件的原因(cause)、经过(process)和结果( effect)。

三、记叙文的行文方式 

一般来讲,记叙文应具有包括开头,主体和结尾在内的完整结构, 尤其是必须有情节发展的过程。 作者应该像电影导演一样尽可能安排起伏和精彩的内容,在矛盾的产生和解决过程中凸现出诱发、发展到高潮的完整过程。

此外,在叙述过程中为完整展现前面述及的六要素,还需要插入生动活泼的人物场景描写和清晰细致的动作表情刻画。

四、记叙文的写作要领

基于英语的语法和词汇特点,写作英语记叙文时应掌握以下要领:

1.时态   由于记叙文是描述过去的语境,记叙发生过的事件,所以比较多使用包括一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时在内的过去时态。

但是,在很多情况下由于客观描述的需要,事件或人物描述的背景从过去转到现在,现在时的使用不可避免。

还有的时候,为了衬托人物的个性,直观地表现人物的思想感情,需要运用对话的方式。

而人物对话需要用直接引语,时态的选择又需要依托现在语境。

这样,事件的时间线索就显得尤为重要,要求写作者有较强的“时间领悟能力”,驾驭写作过程中的时态转换。

例如:   Wang Nan, a world champion in ping-pong, is 1.

62 meter tall with the weight of 54 kilograms.

She was born in Liaoning Province in October 1978.

She began to play ping-pong at the age of seven.

She played in Liaoning Team for three years before she came to the national team in 1993.   She trained hard and got along well with her teammates.

Wang Nan has won scores of gold medals in international table-tennis games and won great honor for our motherland.

She likes surfing the internet, and enjoys chatting with friends online.

在这篇短文中,句是客观描述,介绍王楠的基本情况,用一般现在时。

第二、三句介绍她的成长经历,用的是过去时。

最后两句叙说她所取得的成就,又转换到现在语境,用现在完成时。

2.人称   人称的运用也是记叙文的一个特点。

人称(First-person Narrator)是写作者以当事人的口气来叙述,是一种主观表现手法,给读者一种亲切自然的感觉。

由于作者是以叙述亲身经历的方式表达自己的思想情感,更能引起读者共鸣。

例如:   
The other day, I was driving along the street.   
Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast.   
I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side.   
But it was too late.   
The car hit my bike and I fell off it.   
It was really a bad day for me.

第三人称(Third-person Narrator)是写作者从旁观者的角度来叙述事件,是客观的表现手法,能够充分反映事件中各个人的感受与见解,从整体的视角来叙述事件。

例如:   
It was about nine o’clock on one Saturday evening in May.   
Sam was lying in bed, trembling with cold and having a cough.   
His head was aching so intensely that he kept groaning.   
His forehead felt very hot.   
We took his temperature.   
It was 38.   5℃。 

3.动词使用的连贯性   为了刻画人物个性,表现真情实感,记叙文经常需要使用动词来突出过程与变化。

在许多动作交替出现的情况下,一定要注意动词使用的连贯性,使文字表达简洁明了,一气呵成。 下面一段接着上文记叙了萨姆生病后作者送他去医院的过程,动词使用得相当连贯。

Without hesitation, I dialed “120”.   It was not long before an ambulance arrived.   One roommate brought a blanket for him, and another helped him in the ambulance.

范文与评析   范文 1

My Best Friend

Upon reading the expression “best friend”, a figure Jumps into my mind-Zhang Ye, my schoolmate in senior high school.   
 
During the three years in high school, we shared countless moments of laughter and tears, joy and sorrow.   
 
She is of medium height and slim figure.   
 
Though not strong, she is really a girl with amazing perseverance.   
 
Despite the similarities in our outlook on life and living, it is always she, the physically weaker one, who encouraged and urged me to finish some tasks when I was about to give up.   
 
When we were preparing for the National Entrance Exam, she cheered me up emotionally and gave me a hand whenever I was in trouble.   
 
After the exam, she got enrolled by Tsinghua University in Beijing while I came to a college in the South of China.   
 
For the past several years, we have been in touch to share everything we have been experiencing, sad or happy, dull or exciting.   
 
Without a doubt, Zhang Ye is really a true friend of mine.   
 
The relationship between us can melt the ice in our hearts and blow away the mist on our minds.   I believe the friendship between us will be the life-time beacon for both of us.   
 
评析:这是一篇典型的人物记叙文。

段总括了两人关系。

第二段通过对具体事例的叙述将人物的性格特点表现得淋漓尽致,也丰富了best friend这个称谓的具体内涵。

最后一段作者陈述了自己对友谊真谛的感悟,使文章的主题得到升华。

而其中所使用的句式和词汇(melt the ice in one’s heart; blow away the mist on one’s mind)也展示了作者的语言功底。

范文2 An Unforgettable Experience   Wisdom Counts

There was an unforgettable happening when I was in senior high school.   
 
It made me understand that wisdom counts.   
 
On one weekend, I went home from school by bus.   
 
It was bitterly crowded there.   
 
Unintentionally, I noticed a hand tying to fetch the wallet from a woman’s bag which had an unfastened zipper.   
 
I didn’t dare to tell the woman the truth, because I was scared of being revenged.   
 
“What should I do?” I asked myself and searched the answer quickly through my mind.   
 
Suddenly, I hit on a good idea.   
 
I screamed to myself, “My wallet was lost! Someone stole my wallet!” As I said so, I pretended to be looking for my wallet.   
 
Almost all the people on the bus began to give great care to their pockets or bags.   
 
Being in panic, the pickpocket eventually failed to reach the woman’s bag.   
 
He had to get down at the next stop with an angry look.   
 
Many years later, I still cannot help smiling when I recall this experience. ​​​ 查看全部
大学英语考试写作技巧有哪些?
 
​一、记叙文的定义

记叙文也称叙述文,是一种以叙述的手法来呈现人物活动及事件过程的体裁。

故事、游记、通讯、新闻报道(消息)、历史、 人物传记、日记和回忆录等都属于记叙文的范畴。

记叙文大致可以分为以记人为主的记叙文和以叙事为主的记叙文。

前者主要是对人物的经历、活动或者性格特征进行叙述;后者则是对某一事件的发生、发展过程和结果进行叙述。

二、记叙文的六大要素 

记叙文的写作涉及到六大要素,即五个W和一个H:时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)和结果(how);也可以将这六大要素概括为时间(time)、地点(place)、 人物( character)、事件的原因(cause)、经过(process)和结果( effect)。

三、记叙文的行文方式 

一般来讲,记叙文应具有包括开头,主体和结尾在内的完整结构, 尤其是必须有情节发展的过程。 作者应该像电影导演一样尽可能安排起伏和精彩的内容,在矛盾的产生和解决过程中凸现出诱发、发展到高潮的完整过程。

此外,在叙述过程中为完整展现前面述及的六要素,还需要插入生动活泼的人物场景描写和清晰细致的动作表情刻画。

四、记叙文的写作要领

基于英语的语法和词汇特点,写作英语记叙文时应掌握以下要领:

1.时态   由于记叙文是描述过去的语境,记叙发生过的事件,所以比较多使用包括一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时在内的过去时态。

但是,在很多情况下由于客观描述的需要,事件或人物描述的背景从过去转到现在,现在时的使用不可避免。

还有的时候,为了衬托人物的个性,直观地表现人物的思想感情,需要运用对话的方式。

而人物对话需要用直接引语,时态的选择又需要依托现在语境。

这样,事件的时间线索就显得尤为重要,要求写作者有较强的“时间领悟能力”,驾驭写作过程中的时态转换。

例如:   Wang Nan, a world champion in ping-pong, is 1.

62 meter tall with the weight of 54 kilograms.

She was born in Liaoning Province in October 1978.

She began to play ping-pong at the age of seven.

She played in Liaoning Team for three years before she came to the national team in 1993.   She trained hard and got along well with her teammates.

Wang Nan has won scores of gold medals in international table-tennis games and won great honor for our motherland.

She likes surfing the internet, and enjoys chatting with friends online.

在这篇短文中,句是客观描述,介绍王楠的基本情况,用一般现在时。

第二、三句介绍她的成长经历,用的是过去时。

最后两句叙说她所取得的成就,又转换到现在语境,用现在完成时。

2.人称   人称的运用也是记叙文的一个特点。

人称(First-person Narrator)是写作者以当事人的口气来叙述,是一种主观表现手法,给读者一种亲切自然的感觉。

由于作者是以叙述亲身经历的方式表达自己的思想情感,更能引起读者共鸣。

例如:   
The other day, I was driving along the street.   
Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast.   
I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side.   
But it was too late.   
The car hit my bike and I fell off it.   
It was really a bad day for me.

第三人称(Third-person Narrator)是写作者从旁观者的角度来叙述事件,是客观的表现手法,能够充分反映事件中各个人的感受与见解,从整体的视角来叙述事件。

例如:   
It was about nine o’clock on one Saturday evening in May.   
Sam was lying in bed, trembling with cold and having a cough.   
His head was aching so intensely that he kept groaning.   
His forehead felt very hot.   
We took his temperature.   
It was 38.   5℃。 

3.动词使用的连贯性   为了刻画人物个性,表现真情实感,记叙文经常需要使用动词来突出过程与变化。

在许多动作交替出现的情况下,一定要注意动词使用的连贯性,使文字表达简洁明了,一气呵成。 下面一段接着上文记叙了萨姆生病后作者送他去医院的过程,动词使用得相当连贯。

Without hesitation, I dialed “120”.   It was not long before an ambulance arrived.   One roommate brought a blanket for him, and another helped him in the ambulance.

范文与评析   范文 1

My Best Friend

Upon reading the expression “best friend”, a figure Jumps into my mind-Zhang Ye, my schoolmate in senior high school.   
 
During the three years in high school, we shared countless moments of laughter and tears, joy and sorrow.   
 
She is of medium height and slim figure.   
 
Though not strong, she is really a girl with amazing perseverance.   
 
Despite the similarities in our outlook on life and living, it is always she, the physically weaker one, who encouraged and urged me to finish some tasks when I was about to give up.   
 
When we were preparing for the National Entrance Exam, she cheered me up emotionally and gave me a hand whenever I was in trouble.   
 
After the exam, she got enrolled by Tsinghua University in Beijing while I came to a college in the South of China.   
 
For the past several years, we have been in touch to share everything we have been experiencing, sad or happy, dull or exciting.   
 
Without a doubt, Zhang Ye is really a true friend of mine.   
 
The relationship between us can melt the ice in our hearts and blow away the mist on our minds.   I believe the friendship between us will be the life-time beacon for both of us.   
 
评析:这是一篇典型的人物记叙文。

段总括了两人关系。

第二段通过对具体事例的叙述将人物的性格特点表现得淋漓尽致,也丰富了best friend这个称谓的具体内涵。

最后一段作者陈述了自己对友谊真谛的感悟,使文章的主题得到升华。

而其中所使用的句式和词汇(melt the ice in one’s heart; blow away the mist on one’s mind)也展示了作者的语言功底。

范文2 An Unforgettable Experience   Wisdom Counts

There was an unforgettable happening when I was in senior high school.   
 
It made me understand that wisdom counts.   
 
On one weekend, I went home from school by bus.   
 
It was bitterly crowded there.   
 
Unintentionally, I noticed a hand tying to fetch the wallet from a woman’s bag which had an unfastened zipper.   
 
I didn’t dare to tell the woman the truth, because I was scared of being revenged.   
 
“What should I do?” I asked myself and searched the answer quickly through my mind.   
 
Suddenly, I hit on a good idea.   
 
I screamed to myself, “My wallet was lost! Someone stole my wallet!” As I said so, I pretended to be looking for my wallet.   
 
Almost all the people on the bus began to give great care to their pockets or bags.   
 
Being in panic, the pickpocket eventually failed to reach the woman’s bag.   
 
He had to get down at the next stop with an angry look.   
 
Many years later, I still cannot help smiling when I recall this experience. ​​​

商务英语函电的写作技巧

拉粑粑的小魔仙 发表了文章 • 0 个评论 • 3876 次浏览 • 2015-06-24 09:25 • 来自相关话题

 商务英语函电的写作技巧
 
英语函电信函的信头也称信端,其内容包括发件公司的名称、标志、通信地址、电话号码、传真号、电子邮箱等。书写信头的目的是为了方便收件人了解信函来自何处,并为回复提供联系方式。

很多公司都会印制带信头的信纸。一般来说,人们喜欢将简单的信头放在信纸上端居中,将复杂的信头放在信纸的右侧或上下两端。在使用这种信纸打印信函时,一定要注意为信头留出足够的空间。

对于私人商务信函,如求职信等,信头通常写在信纸的右上方。
 
商务英语函电中主题不能忽略

书写商务英语函电的Subject能便于收件人迅速了解信的主要内容。一般来说如果信内有Reference Number,就不一定再写Subject。

Subject位于Salutation下空一行。一般有三种书写形式:直接书写、Subject:和Re:。为了突出还可以加底线、加粗、全大写等,例如:

INVOICE 12345

Re:Invoice 12345

Subject:Invoice 12345

写出恰当的结尾敬辞

几乎所有的商务英语函电都会用到结尾敬辞。它写在正文下面,第一个字母要大写,最后一个词的后面有逗号。
 
至于要选用怎样的字句,通常由作者自行决定,一般来说结尾敬辞和开头的称呼有较强的关联关系,例如:

1.如果不知到收件人的姓名,开头的称呼是Dear Sirs,(英式)或Gentelmen:(美式),则结尾敬辞采用Yours faithfully,(英式)或Yours truly,(美式);

2.如果知到收件人的姓名,开头的称呼是Dear Mr.Brown,则结尾敬辞采用Yours sincerely,(英式)或Sincerely,(美式)。

当然,结尾敬辞还有很多形式,下面是商务英语函电常用结尾敬辞一览表:

1.最正式(表示敬意)

Respectfully,

Respectfully yours,

Very respectfully yours,

2.正式

Yours truly,

Very truly yours,

Yours faithfully,

3.个人的,最普通的方式

Yours sincerely,

Sincerely yours,

Very sincerely yours,

Sincerely,

4.简略式(表示亲密)

Cordially,

Cordially yours,

Best regards,

Warmest regards,


 
商务英语函电的写作技巧,日常要处理许多信件电邮,因而运用 英语 上不得不留神,以下有一些个人意见,也参考了一些书本,希望大家有所得益。
 
1.切忌主客不分或模糊.
2.句子不要凌碎.
3.结构对称,令人容易理解. 
4.单众数不要搞乱,不然会好刺眼,看不舒服. 
5.动词主词要呼应.
6.时态和语气不要转变太多.看商务 英语 已经是苦事,不要浪费人家的精力啊。
7.标点要准确.
8.选词正确. 好像affect和effect, operative和operational等等就要弄清楚才好用啦。
9.拼字正确. 有电脑拼字检查功能后,就更加不能偷懒。
10.大小写要注意.非必要不要整个字都是大写,除非要骂人,:,例如: MUST change to OS immediately. 外国人就觉得不礼貌和喝令人一样. 要强调的话,用底线,斜字,粗体就可以了。


 
20个商务英语函电的句型:
 
1.Please accept our thanks for the trouble you have taken。

有劳贵方,不胜感激。

2.We are obliged to thank you for your kind attention in this matter。

不胜感激贵方对此事的关照。

3.We tender you our sincere thanks for your generous treatment of us in this affair。

对贵方在此事中的慷慨之举,深表感谢。

4.Allow us to thank you for the kindness extended to us。

对贵方之盛情,不胜感谢。

5.We thank you for the special care you have given to the matter。

贵方对此悉心关照,不胜感激。

6.We should be grateful for your trial order。

如承试订货,不胜感激。

7.We should be grateful for your furnishing us details of your requirements。

如承赐示具体要求,不胜感激。

8.It will be greatly appreciated if you will kindly send us your samples。

如承惠寄样品,则不胜感激。

9.We shall appreciate it very much if you will give our bid your favorable consideration。

如承优惠考虑报价,不胜感激。

10.We are greatly obliged for your bulk order just received。

收到贵方大宗订货,不胜感激。

11.We assure you of our best services at all times。

我方保证向贵方随时提供最佳服务。

12.If there is anything we can do to help you, we shall be more than pleased to do so。

贵公司若有所需求,我公司定尽力效劳。

13.It would give us a great pleasure to render you a similar service should an opportunity occur。

我方如有机会同样效劳贵方,将不胜欣慰。

14.We spare no efforts in endeavoring to be of service to you。

我方将不遗余力为贵方效劳。

15.We shall be very glad to handle for you at very low commission charges。

我方将很愉快与贵方合作,收费低廉。

16.We have always been able to supply these firms with their monthly requirements without interruption。

我方始终能供应这些公司每月所需的数量,从无间断。

17.We take this opportunity to re-emphasize that we shall, at all times, do everything possible to give you whatever information you desire。

我们借此机会再此强调,定会尽力随时提供贵方所需的信息。

18.We are always in a position to quote you the most advantageous prices for higher quality merchandise。

我们始终能向贵方提供品质最佳的产品,报价最为优惠。

19.This places our dealers in a highly competitive position and also enable them to enjoy a maximum profit.

这样可以使我方经营者具有很强的竞争力,还可获得最大的利润。

20.We solicit a continuance of your confidence and support.

恳请贵方继续给予信任,大力支持。 查看全部


 商务英语函电的写作技巧
 
英语函电信函的信头也称信端,其内容包括发件公司的名称、标志、通信地址、电话号码、传真号、电子邮箱等。书写信头的目的是为了方便收件人了解信函来自何处,并为回复提供联系方式。

很多公司都会印制带信头的信纸。一般来说,人们喜欢将简单的信头放在信纸上端居中,将复杂的信头放在信纸的右侧或上下两端。在使用这种信纸打印信函时,一定要注意为信头留出足够的空间。

对于私人商务信函,如求职信等,信头通常写在信纸的右上方。
 
商务英语函电中主题不能忽略

书写商务英语函电的Subject能便于收件人迅速了解信的主要内容。一般来说如果信内有Reference Number,就不一定再写Subject。

Subject位于Salutation下空一行。一般有三种书写形式:直接书写、Subject:和Re:。为了突出还可以加底线、加粗、全大写等,例如:

INVOICE 12345

Re:Invoice 12345

Subject:Invoice 12345

写出恰当的结尾敬辞

几乎所有的商务英语函电都会用到结尾敬辞。它写在正文下面,第一个字母要大写,最后一个词的后面有逗号。
 
至于要选用怎样的字句,通常由作者自行决定,一般来说结尾敬辞和开头的称呼有较强的关联关系,例如:

1.如果不知到收件人的姓名,开头的称呼是Dear Sirs,(英式)或Gentelmen:(美式),则结尾敬辞采用Yours faithfully,(英式)或Yours truly,(美式);

2.如果知到收件人的姓名,开头的称呼是Dear Mr.Brown,则结尾敬辞采用Yours sincerely,(英式)或Sincerely,(美式)。

当然,结尾敬辞还有很多形式,下面是商务英语函电常用结尾敬辞一览表:

1.最正式(表示敬意)

Respectfully,

Respectfully yours,

Very respectfully yours,

2.正式

Yours truly,

Very truly yours,

Yours faithfully,

3.个人的,最普通的方式

Yours sincerely,

Sincerely yours,

Very sincerely yours,

Sincerely,

4.简略式(表示亲密)

Cordially,

Cordially yours,

Best regards,

Warmest regards,


 
商务英语函电的写作技巧,日常要处理许多信件电邮,因而运用 英语 上不得不留神,以下有一些个人意见,也参考了一些书本,希望大家有所得益。
 
1.切忌主客不分或模糊.
2.句子不要凌碎.
3.结构对称,令人容易理解. 
4.单众数不要搞乱,不然会好刺眼,看不舒服. 
5.动词主词要呼应.
6.时态和语气不要转变太多.看商务 英语 已经是苦事,不要浪费人家的精力啊。
7.标点要准确.
8.选词正确. 好像affect和effect, operative和operational等等就要弄清楚才好用啦。
9.拼字正确. 有电脑拼字检查功能后,就更加不能偷懒。
10.大小写要注意.非必要不要整个字都是大写,除非要骂人,:,例如: MUST change to OS immediately. 外国人就觉得不礼貌和喝令人一样. 要强调的话,用底线,斜字,粗体就可以了。


 
20个商务英语函电的句型:
 
1.Please accept our thanks for the trouble you have taken。

有劳贵方,不胜感激。

2.We are obliged to thank you for your kind attention in this matter。

不胜感激贵方对此事的关照。

3.We tender you our sincere thanks for your generous treatment of us in this affair。

对贵方在此事中的慷慨之举,深表感谢。

4.Allow us to thank you for the kindness extended to us。

对贵方之盛情,不胜感谢。

5.We thank you for the special care you have given to the matter。

贵方对此悉心关照,不胜感激。

6.We should be grateful for your trial order。

如承试订货,不胜感激。

7.We should be grateful for your furnishing us details of your requirements。

如承赐示具体要求,不胜感激。

8.It will be greatly appreciated if you will kindly send us your samples。

如承惠寄样品,则不胜感激。

9.We shall appreciate it very much if you will give our bid your favorable consideration。

如承优惠考虑报价,不胜感激。

10.We are greatly obliged for your bulk order just received。

收到贵方大宗订货,不胜感激。

11.We assure you of our best services at all times。

我方保证向贵方随时提供最佳服务。

12.If there is anything we can do to help you, we shall be more than pleased to do so。

贵公司若有所需求,我公司定尽力效劳。

13.It would give us a great pleasure to render you a similar service should an opportunity occur。

我方如有机会同样效劳贵方,将不胜欣慰。

14.We spare no efforts in endeavoring to be of service to you。

我方将不遗余力为贵方效劳。

15.We shall be very glad to handle for you at very low commission charges。

我方将很愉快与贵方合作,收费低廉。

16.We have always been able to supply these firms with their monthly requirements without interruption。

我方始终能供应这些公司每月所需的数量,从无间断。

17.We take this opportunity to re-emphasize that we shall, at all times, do everything possible to give you whatever information you desire。

我们借此机会再此强调,定会尽力随时提供贵方所需的信息。

18.We are always in a position to quote you the most advantageous prices for higher quality merchandise。

我们始终能向贵方提供品质最佳的产品,报价最为优惠。

19.This places our dealers in a highly competitive position and also enable them to enjoy a maximum profit.

这样可以使我方经营者具有很强的竞争力,还可获得最大的利润。

20.We solicit a continuance of your confidence and support.

恳请贵方继续给予信任,大力支持。