什么时候用倒装句?

什么时候用倒装句?
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定义:
       英语句子表达的基本语序是“主语+谓语”.但在实际应用中,因语法结构的需要,或是为了强调,常把谓语移到主语之前,称为倒装.

英语的倒装结构有两种,其中较为常见的是部分倒装,即谓语的一部分移到主语之前.

如:Only when the war was over could he begin to work again.
只有在战争结束后他才能够重新开始工作.

另一种倒装是完全倒装结构,即把谓语的全部都移到主语之前.
 
如:1.Here comes the bus.
       公共汽车来了.
    2.“But what the child said is true.” said the father.
     “可是孩子的话是对的.”父亲说.

下面详细归纳几种常用的倒装结构:

一、几种常见的部分倒装结构: 
1.Only+状语或者状语从句放在句首.
 
   如:Only in this way can we improve our English.只有这样,我们才能提高英语水平.
       Only after you left did l find this bag.只是在你离开以后我才发现这只提包.

2.含否定意义并修饰全句的词放在句首.
 
    如:not,little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer,
       in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等等.
 
    如:1)Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班.
        2)Never shall I forget it. 我永远不会忘记这件事.
        3)No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚一到家,天就开始下雨.

3.So放在句首,跟在一个肯定句之后,表示前面所述内容也适用于另一人或物.
 
    如:1)l like travelling.So does he.我喜欢旅行,他也喜欢.
        2)Her father is a doctor.So is her mother.她父亲是位医生,她母亲也是.
        3)He has been to Beijing twice.So have I.他去过北京两次,我也去过两次.

4.Neither,nor或no more放在句首,作“也不”讲,跟在一个否定句之后,表示前面所述内容也适用于另一人或物.
 
    如:1)My teacher didn't agree with him.Nor did I.老师不同意他的意见,我也不同意.
        2)I'm not interested in maths.Neither is he.我对数学不感兴趣,他也同样.
        
    :当前面陈述句有两个以上不同类型的谓语动词时,如be,do或can等等,或者既有肯定式又有否定式时,如have和hasn't等等,不能单独使用so或者neither/nor,而应换用另外的句型结构:
A:So it is with…;
B:It is the same with….
 
请见例句:
1)—I like chicken, but I don't like fish. ——我喜欢吃鸡肉,但不喜欢吃鱼.
—So it is with me. ——我也如此.
2)Tom is an American,but lives in China,it is the same with Jack.
汤姆是美国人,但他住在中国.杰克也如此.
5.副词often,短语many a time,或者so修饰形容词或副词、位于句首时.
 
    如:1) So badly was he injured in the accident that he was sent to the hospital for                 treatment.在这次事故中他伤得很重,被送进医院治疗.
        2)So hard does he work that he has no time to spare for travelling.他那么努力工作,抽             不出时间去旅行.

6.虚拟条件句省略if时,将were,should或had移到主语之前.
 
    如:1)Should it rain,all the crops would be saved.若是下雨的话,庄稼就都得救了.
        2)Were my teacher here,he would give some good advice.我老师如果在这,他会提些好建议.
        3)Hadn't it been for his help,we wouldn't have finished the work in time.若非有他帮         忙,我们就不能及时完成工作.

7.以May…或Long live…开头的某些表示祝愿的用语.
 
    如:1)May God bless you.愿上帝保佑你!
        2)May you succeed!祝你成功!
        3)Long live the people's Republic of China!

8.由as though引导的表示“虽然”,“尽管”的让步状语从句用倒装语序时,把从句的表语或状语等放在as/though的前面.
 
    如:1) Young as/though she was, she could work out that problem alone.虽然她很小,但她却         能独自解出那道难题.
       2)Child as/though he is, he is very brave.尽管他是个孩子,但他却非常勇敢.

      注意:如果从句中的表语是名词,其名词前不加任何冠词.

二、几种常见的完全倒装结构 

1.there be句型:有时该句型中也可用其他表示存在意义的动词代替be.
 
    如:live,remain,come,stand,go,lie,exist等等.
    1)There is a lamp and two cups on the table.桌上有一盏灯和两只杯子.
    2)There used to be a shop around the corner.拐角处过去有一家商店.
    3)Once upon a time there lived six blind men in a village in India.从前在印度的一个村子里     住着六位盲人.

2.主语必须是名词由here,there now, then等词开头的句子.
 
如:1)Here are some interesting stories for you to read这儿有些有趣的故事给你读.
    2)There goes the bell.铃声响了.

3.表示方位的介词、副词放在句首.如:out,in,up,down,away等词.但应注意:句子的主语应是名词,若主语是代词,则不能倒装.
 
    如:1)Out rushed the soldiers. 战士们冲了出去.
        2)Away went the boy. 那男孩走开了.
        请比较:
        3)Away he went.他走开了.
        4)Here he comes.他来了.

4.为了保持句子平衡,强调表语和状语,使句子上下紧密衔接.
 
     如:1)At the entrance of the valley stood an old pine tree.在峡谷的入口处耸立着一棵古老的           松柏.
        2)Round the corner came a motorcycle. 一辆摩托车从拐角处转了过来.

5.直接引语位于句首.
 
    如:1)“I love you ,”whispered John. “我爱你.”约翰悄悄地说道.
        2)“Help!Help!”cried the boy in the water. 水中的男孩大声呼喊着“救命啊!”

倒装结构是语言的一种表达形式,除了上述各种情况需要倒装以外,还有些被强调部分也常常可以提到句首,形成倒装.
 
例如:
This they kept for themselves.这东西他们就据为己有了.
因此,如果正确使用倒装结构,可以使语言表达平地生辉.
一、语法知识

按 “主语+谓语”这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序.如果排列顺序变为”谓语(或谓语的一部分)+主语” 就是倒装句.

(1) 倒装句的类型

1. 完全倒装: 整个谓语移至主语前面叫完全倒装.

Then came Mary and George.

Have you any books on that subject?

2. 部分倒装:只把助动词,系动词或情态动词放在主语之前叫部分倒装.

Has he gone to school?

Is he your classmate?

Can you finish the work in three days?

 
(2) 倒装句的用法

1. 由于语法结构的需要而使用的倒装句

1) 用在疑问句中

Do you have a physiology class on Tuesday afternoon?

Why are you so angry with him?

注: 以疑问词或有疑问词修饰的名词作主语的疑问句不倒装.

Who was your geography teacher in Grade One?

2) 用在 “There be “结构中

There are different forms of energy.

There stands a high building by the river.

3) 用在以here , there , now , then 等副词开头的句子中, here and there强调地点,用来引起人们的注意,. 除then 开头的句子用过去时以外,其余均用一般现在时.

但是 如果主语是代词就不倒装.

Here is a letter for you. There comes the bus. Now comes my turn.

Here you are. There he comes!

4) 用在省略了if 的虚拟条件句中(把 were, had 或should移至主语前)

Were I ( If I were) in your place, I wouldn’t give it up so early.

Had I ( If I had ) know, I might have joined you in the discussion.

Should you (If you should) be interested, I have a book on the subject you might like to see.

 
5) 用在一些表示祝愿的句子中

Long live the friendship among the Asian peoples and sportsmen!

Long live the king!
 


 

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什么时候用倒装句?
1) 强调 

2) 特殊句型
 
3) should, had 引起的虚拟条件句。

 Not only did he finish first, he also did much better than required.
 
 No sooner did he go out, it started to rain.
 
 Should you be more careful, this would not have happened.
 
1. 表语的倒装

一般直接将表语提前到句首,若表语是带不定冠词a / an的单数可数名词,倒装后,不定冠词a / an须被省略。如:

Fine as / though he looks, he is ill with some serious diseases.

Child as / though he is, he knows much about the society.

2. 原形动词的倒装

A. 动词前面带有情态动词may, might, will, would, can, could等时,只将行为动词提到句首,而这些情态动词保留在原处。

B. 若动词前面没有情态动词时,应在动词原来的位置加上助动词do的适当形式。

C. 用于这一句型的动词一般是不及物动词,而不能是系动词或及物动词。如:

Swim as / though he can, he can’t swim so far.

尽管他会游泳,但是他游不得那么远。

Run as / though he did, he didn’t run fast enough to catch the bus.

虽然他跑,但是他跑得不够快而没有赶上汽车。

3. 状语倒装

In the classroom as / though he stays, he doesn’t read his texts.

尽管他呆在教室里,但他不读书。
 
Carefully as / though he worked, he made some mistakes.

尽管他工作很细心,但还是除了一些差错。

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